北美精算师(SOA)考试FM辅导书(625页).rar
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Contents
Part One: Theories of Interest
Chapter 1 Exam-taking and study strategy............................5
A tale of two Exam FM takers, Mr. Busy and Mr. Lazy................................................5
Truths about Exam FM..........9
How to study hard yet fail the exam miserably............................................................11
Recommended study method............13
How to build a 3 minute solution script........................................................................14
How to eliminate errors.......30
Chapter 2 Getting started .............................................................48
Chapter 3 FM Fundamental..........................................................49
Time value of money...........49
Principal...............................49
Interest rate...........................49
Simple interest rate..............49
Compound interest rate........50
Force of interest...................52
Nominal interest rate............58
APR......................................59
Annual effective interest rate............60
Continuous compounding....60
Effective annual rate of discount......61
Simple annual rate of discount..........63
Nominal annual rate of discount.......63
Future value.........................64
Present value........................64
Convert interest rate to discount rate or vice versa...................................................66
PV of a stream of cash flows............71
Net Present Value................71
Internal rate of return (IRR).71
Asset and its price................73
Convert a cash flow from one point of time to another point of time..........................74
Collapse multiple cash flows into a single cash flow...................................................75
Annuity – collapsing n parallel cash flows into a single cash flow..............................78
Avoid the common pitfall....79
Perpetuity.............................93
Annuity – payable m-thly in advance...........................................................................96
Annuity – payable m-thly in arrears.98
Increasing annuity..............110
Continuously increasing annuity.....110
Decreasing annuity.............111
Chapter 4 Calculator tips ............................................................126
Best calculators for Exam FM........126
New features added in BA II Plus Professional..........................................................126
How to reset calculators to their best conditions for FM............................................126
Compound interest.............129
Annuity..............................133
Loan/bond amortization.....142
Compare Cash Flow Worksheet with TVM Worksheet.............................................148
Increasing annuity..............148
Comprehensive calculator exercise.156
Chapter 5 Geometrically increasing annuity.....................164
Chapter 6 Real vs. nominal interest rate.............................193
Chapter 7 Loan repayment and amortization....................199
Chapter 8 Sinking fund ................................................................228
Chapter 9 Callable and non-callable bonds .........................235
Chapter 10 Valuation of stocks...................................................260
Chapter 11 Price of a bond sold between two coupon
payments 263
Chapter 12 Time weighted return and dollar weighted
return 276
Chapter 13 Investment year & portfolio method ...............291
Chapter 14 Short Sales ...................................................................293
Chapter 15 Term structure of interest rate, spot rate,
forward rate, and arbitrage.............................................................304
Chapter 16 Macaulay duration, modified duration,
convexity 329
Chapter 17 Immunization..............................................................364
Chapter 18 Cash flow matching..................................................382
Value of this PDF study manual......................................................389
About the author.....390 Chapter 1 Exam-taking and study
strategy
Read this chapter before opening your textbooks!
This chapter requires some knowledge about the time value of money,
annuity, and loan amortization. If you don’t know these concepts, don’t
worry. Just skip the detailed math calculations and focus on the main
ideas in this chapter. Later on, after you understand the time value of
money, annuity, and loan amortization, come back to this chapter and go
through the math.
It’s critical that you understand the essence of this chapter before you
rush to read the textbooks.
A tale of two Exam FM takers, Mr. Busy and Mr.
Lazy
It was the best of the times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of
being lazy, it was the age of being busy, it was the epoch of passing
Exam FM, it was the epoch of failing Exam FM, it was the hope of getting
ASA, it was the despair of going nowhere.
Two actuarial students, Mr. Busy and Mr. Lazy, are both preparing for
Exam FM. They have the same height and weight. They have the same
level of intelligence. As a matter of fact, they are similar about almost
everything except that Mr. Busy is very busy and Mr. Lazy is very lazy.
Mr. Busy and Mr. Lazy both would have a worry-free life if they don’t
need to amortize a loan with geometrically increasing payments.
Challenge -- loan amortization with geometrically increasing
payments
Part One: Theories of Interest
Chapter 1 Exam-taking and study strategy............................5
A tale of two Exam FM takers, Mr. Busy and Mr. Lazy................................................5
Truths about Exam FM..........9
How to study hard yet fail the exam miserably............................................................11
Recommended study method............13
How to build a 3 minute solution script........................................................................14
How to eliminate errors.......30
Chapter 2 Getting started .............................................................48
Chapter 3 FM Fundamental..........................................................49
Time value of money...........49
Principal...............................49
Interest rate...........................49
Simple interest rate..............49
Compound interest rate........50
Force of interest...................52
Nominal interest rate............58
APR......................................59
Annual effective interest rate............60
Continuous compounding....60
Effective annual rate of discount......61
Simple annual rate of discount..........63
Nominal annual rate of discount.......63
Future value.........................64
Present value........................64
Convert interest rate to discount rate or vice versa...................................................66
PV of a stream of cash flows............71
Net Present Value................71
Internal rate of return (IRR).71
Asset and its price................73
Convert a cash flow from one point of time to another point of time..........................74
Collapse multiple cash flows into a single cash flow...................................................75
Annuity – collapsing n parallel cash flows into a single cash flow..............................78
Avoid the common pitfall....79
Perpetuity.............................93
Annuity – payable m-thly in advance...........................................................................96
Annuity – payable m-thly in arrears.98
Increasing annuity..............110
Continuously increasing annuity.....110
Decreasing annuity.............111
Chapter 4 Calculator tips ............................................................126
Best calculators for Exam FM........126
New features added in BA II Plus Professional..........................................................126
How to reset calculators to their best conditions for FM............................................126
Compound interest.............129
Annuity..............................133
Loan/bond amortization.....142
Compare Cash Flow Worksheet with TVM Worksheet.............................................148
Increasing annuity..............148
Comprehensive calculator exercise.156
Chapter 5 Geometrically increasing annuity.....................164
Chapter 6 Real vs. nominal interest rate.............................193
Chapter 7 Loan repayment and amortization....................199
Chapter 8 Sinking fund ................................................................228
Chapter 9 Callable and non-callable bonds .........................235
Chapter 10 Valuation of stocks...................................................260
Chapter 11 Price of a bond sold between two coupon
payments 263
Chapter 12 Time weighted return and dollar weighted
return 276
Chapter 13 Investment year & portfolio method ...............291
Chapter 14 Short Sales ...................................................................293
Chapter 15 Term structure of interest rate, spot rate,
forward rate, and arbitrage.............................................................304
Chapter 16 Macaulay duration, modified duration,
convexity 329
Chapter 17 Immunization..............................................................364
Chapter 18 Cash flow matching..................................................382
Value of this PDF study manual......................................................389
About the author.....390 Chapter 1 Exam-taking and study
strategy
Read this chapter before opening your textbooks!
This chapter requires some knowledge about the time value of money,
annuity, and loan amortization. If you don’t know these concepts, don’t
worry. Just skip the detailed math calculations and focus on the main
ideas in this chapter. Later on, after you understand the time value of
money, annuity, and loan amortization, come back to this chapter and go
through the math.
It’s critical that you understand the essence of this chapter before you
rush to read the textbooks.
A tale of two Exam FM takers, Mr. Busy and Mr.
Lazy
It was the best of the times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of
being lazy, it was the age of being busy, it was the epoch of passing
Exam FM, it was the epoch of failing Exam FM, it was the hope of getting
ASA, it was the despair of going nowhere.
Two actuarial students, Mr. Busy and Mr. Lazy, are both preparing for
Exam FM. They have the same height and weight. They have the same
level of intelligence. As a matter of fact, they are similar about almost
everything except that Mr. Busy is very busy and Mr. Lazy is very lazy.
Mr. Busy and Mr. Lazy both would have a worry-free life if they don’t
need to amortize a loan with geometrically increasing payments.
Challenge -- loan amortization with geometrically increasing
payments